Saturday, September 15, 2012

Prehospital Ventricular Fibrillation in a Young Woman. What is the Diagnosis?

An under 30 yo woman collapsed and was found in ventricular fibrillation, and was successfully defibrillated.

Here is her prehospital ECG:
What is it?










ECG diagnosis: There is sinus rhythm.  There is what I call a "wavy" pattern and large U-waves (see arrow).  Do not mistake the U-wave for a T-wave, or the long Q-U interval for a long QT.  This is diagnostic of hypokalemia.  The K was 1.3 mEq/L.The patient eventually recovered.

Here are more ECGs of hypokalemia which demonstrate the "wavy" pattern:

Notice the "wavy" pattern in V2 and V3, created by downsloping ST depression followed by the U-wave. 

When there is an apparent T-wave with an apparent "down-up" pattern (in contrast to an up-down pattern, as in Wellens'), the terminal "up" portion is almost always NOT a T-wave, but rather a U-wave.  There is one exception to this: when the down-up is actually reciprocal to an up-down: this happens with Wellenesque T-waves in opposite leads aVL and III: Wellenesque up-down T-wave in lead III, indicative of inferior Wellens' waves (and thus inferior Non-STEMI), will have a reciprocal down-up in lead aVL and vice versa.

Here is another:
K = 1.4.  Notice again the wavy pattern in almost all leads, with down-up. The end of each wave is the (upright) U-wave.

K = 2.3.  Again, the wavy pattern.

Here are more cases of hypokalemia, some of which mimic ischemia. 

3 comments:

  1. This ekg looks similar to a Brugada type I . Granted there is not a coved st elevation, however there is a long downslope to the t wave and also the coved st segment might be misinterpreted in a wandering baseline.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. What you're seeing really is all due to wandering baseline.

      Delete

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