Saturday, March 16, 2013

Massive Precordial ST Elevation. What is it?



This case comes from my book, The ECG in Acute MI:

A male in his 70’s had a cardiac arrest and was successfully defibrillated.  Below is a 12-lead ECG.    
What do you think of this ECG?  What do you think the angiogram showed? 

Due to the obvious ST elevation, he was given tPA (it was a small rural hospital) and the ST elevation quickly resolved.  The patient had bradycardia, heart block, and hypotension. He was intubated, externally paced, and started on pressors.  There was no pulmonary edema.  What is going on?  See below for answer.















This appears to be a right sided ECG, as the R-waves in I and aVL are not present in V5 and V6 (sorry, I don't have the left sided one).

There is an S-wave in lead I and very large R-waves in V1R to V3R.  As there is an rSR' in precordial leads, is this right bundle branch block?  This is a bit uncertain because lead I appears to have normal QRS duration, but V4R to V6R appear wide.  In any case, is there right  ventricular hypertrophy?  It is difficult to make a diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of RBBB because both cause an S-wave in lead I and a large R'-wave in V1.  However, in this case the R'-wave in V1-V3 is far larger than with a normal RBBB.  In any case, the R' wave is very large, diagnostic of RV hypertrophy.

ST elevation: There is ST elevation in II, III, aVF with reciprocal ST depression in aVL (inferior STEMI), and ST elevation from V1R to V6R (right ventricular STEMI).  Angiogram showed subtotal occlusion of proximal RCA.  Wedge pressure was 18 (low for a patient in cardiogenic shock).  Echocardiogram showed severe RV hypertrophy with very poor RV function and good LV function but poor LV filling pressures.  It was later discovered that the patient had a history of pulmonary fibrosis and pumonary hypertension.  ST elevation was due to right ventricular STEMI in the setting of severe right ventricular hypertrophy.

8 comments:

  1. Dr. Smith,

    In the above ECG aVr had ST depressions! I thought that in a RV STEMI there would be STE in aVr?
    Can you please elaborate?
    Thank you

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Yes, in this case, the ST vector is BOTH inferior (inferior STEMI, with STE II, III, aVF - highest in II and aVF) and to the right (RVMI). aVR is not just right, but also superior. Enough so, as we see, that aVR has ST depression!

      Delete
  2. Dr Smith, where could i buy your book? I have been searching for many websites and your book is currently out of sale....

    ReplyDelete
  3. Great post as usual. Where can your book be purchased? Amazon only has it used for almost $900!
    Pretty steep for a Paramedic.
    Thanks
    Dan

    ReplyDelete
  4. Dear Dr. Smith,
    another beautiful case very instructive.
    About the significance of ST-segment deviation in aVR in inferior STEMI, sending bibliographic reference in the Journal of electrocardiology.
    (Vol. 43 issue 4 July-August 2010 pages 288-293)

    "Factors influencing and significance of ST-segment deviation in lead aVR in acute inferior wall ST-elevation myocardial infarction"
    Zhan Zhong-qun, Kjell C. Nikus

    http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022073610000993

    I hope it will be useful to my colleagues as it was for me.

    Thanks

    Vittorio Masciulli

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Interestingly, many RVMI do not have ST elevation in aVR.

      Delete

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